lINTRODUCTION CBSE released date sheet for 10th and 12th classes well in advance in December 2023 itself. The date sheets were later revised in January, 2024. CBSE DIRECTIVES FOR EXAM CBSE has given some directives regarding exams as below: CLASS 12-HUMANITIES STREAM Humanities or popularly called Arts is considered relatively easy stream than Science and […]
Here we present to you Notes on Economic Reforms in India since 1991. The economic reforms process of 1991 had Liberralisation, Privatisation and Globalisation as three pillars. Notes presented here are concise, however, they cover every aspect of the chapter. These Notes are in four parts. First part consists of brief notes while the second
हालांकि, भारत ने खाद्य उत्पादन में आत्मनिर्भरता प्राप्त की, लेकिन यह एक कृषि अर्थव्यवस्था बनी रही क्योंकि 1990 में 65% आबादी कृषि में ही लगी हुई थी। औद्योगिक और सेवा क्षेत्र कृषि में लगे अतिरिक्त कार्यबल को अवशोषित नहीं कर सके।
औद्योगिक क्षेत्र विविधतापूर्ण हो गया और इसने 6% की उच्च वृद्धि दर भी प्राप्त की। इससे विशेष रूप से लघु उद्योग में नए निवेश और रोजगार के अवसर सृजित हुए। हालांकि, आयात प्रतिस्थापन और उत्पादन के आरक्षण की नीति ने उत्पादित वस्तुओं की गुणवत्ता को बुरी तरह प्रभावित किया। लाइसेंस नीति और उद्योगों के सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र के लिए आरक्षित होने से निजी क्षेत्र का विकास बाधित हुआ।
भारत निर्यात उन्मुखी उद्योगों को बढ़ावा देने में विफल रहा, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप 1990 में विदेशी मुद्रा संकट पैदा हुआ। संकट ने भारत को 1991 में एक अधिक व्यापक आर्थिक नीति अपनाने के लिए मजबूर किया जो उदारीकरण, निजीकरण और वैश्वीकरण पर केंद्रित थी।
Indian Economy (1950-90) Free Notes in Hindi भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था (1950-90) के नोट्स Read More »
Though, India attained self-sufficiency in food production, it remained an agriculture economy as 65% population was still engaged in agriculture 1990. Industrial and service sectors could not absorb the extra workforce engaged in agriculture.
Industrial base become diversified and also attained high growth rate of 6%. It provided new investment and employment opportunities, especially for SSI. However, policy of import substitution and reservation of production badly affected the quality of the goods produced. Growth of private sector was hindered by license policy and reservation of industries for public sector.
India GDP growth was merely around 4%, often termed as Hindu Growth Rate (Coined by Raj Krishna). Share of Industrial Sector in GDP increased from 11.8% to 24.6%.
India failed to promote export oriented industries, resulting in foreign exchange crisis in 1990. The crisis forced India to adopt a more comprehensive Economic Policy in 1991 which focused on Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization.
स्वतंत्रता की पूर्व संध्या पर भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था के नोट्स 12 वीं कक्षा के अर्थशास्त्र के छात्रों के लिए अच्छी तरह से तैयार किए गए नोट्स हैं। ये नोट्स संक्षिप्त हैं, हालांकि, अध्याय के हर पहलू पर प्रकाश डालते हैं। इसके अलावा, ये नोट्स बहुत आसान भाषा में हैं।
MCQs Economics के पेपर में बहुत ही महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते है। यहाँ पर आपको भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था के 10 महत्वपूर्ण MCQs मिलेंगे। आशा है की आपको ये MCQs पसंद आयेंगे। आप इन MCQs की PDF के लिए यहाँ CLICK करे। प्रश्न.1 आर्थिक सुधार-1991 के समय ………… वित्त मंत्री और ……………… भारत के प्रधानमंत्री थे। 1.
MCQs on Indian Economy in Hindi-भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था पर MCQ Read More »
We can say that Britishers made India a colonial (British Rule over India), Semi Feudal (Zamindars), stagnant (2% GDP & 0.5 per capita growth), backward (low productivity & high literacy), depleted (rapid depreciation of physical assets) and an amputated (partition) economy. However, it laid foundation for modern education system, industries, transportation, communication system and administrative set-up.
Indian Economy on the eve of independence Notes Class 12 Free PDF Read More »
Solved past year question papers are very helpful resource material for students to get maximum marks in final exams of CBSE. These papers help student to know the pattern of questions which are asked in CBSE exams. Economics, being one of the toughest subject at senior secondary level, requires a thorough preparation to get good
Solved Past Year Question Paper of Economics-2023 Read More »
MCQs are a very important part of the exams in CBSE. Moreover, MCQs in Economics paper in CBSE for class 12th have direct weightage of 25%. In view of this, we are here presenting to you the first part of most important MCQs on Indian economy for class 12. These MCQs on Indian Economy have
Most important MCQs on Indian Economy for Class 12th, Part-1 Read More »
Stock and Flow are two most important concepts in Economics. Some of the Macro Economics variables relate to stock concept while other variables relate to flow concept. However, here we will see how we identity such variables as stock and flow. Firstly, we have to define what stock is and what flow is. Table of
Stock and Flow concepts in Economics-Free Notes Class 12 Read More »
