Dedicated to catering to the needs of CBSE students of 12th Class for the subject Economics.
आपका स्वागत है । आप सही जगह पर आयें हैं । अर्थशास्त्र विषय के हिंदी माध्यम के विद्यार्थियों की जरूरतों को ध्यान में रखते हुए यहां हम आपके लिए 1991 से भारत में आर्थिक सुधार (economic reforms in India since 1991) पर नोट्स प्रस्तुत कर रहे हैं। यहां प्रस्तुत नोट्स संक्षिप्त हैं। हालांकि, वे अध्याय […]
Economic Reforms in India since 1991 – Free notes in Hindi Read More »
Hello Students, welcome to your learning space. In this post, we are providing you some basic concepts of economics regarding classification of goods. Classification of goods is very important topic in Macroeconomics for class 12. There is a good chance that questions will come from this topic in the upcoming final CBSE exams to be
Classification of Goods in Economics Class 12 – Latest Notes Read More »
Hello students, welcome to your learning space. In this educational post, we are providing you notes on Introduction to Macro Economics. These notes are well prepared by our experts as per the needs of students keeping in view upcoming CBSE Board exams in Feb-March, 2025 for the session 2024-25. In these notes, you will get
Introduction to Macro Economics – Class 12 latest notes Read More »
Introduction Human beings are an intelligent species on this planet who are capable of mass production of goods for their use. This production process is subject matter of Economics and in economics, human is one the factors of production. It is called human resource or human capital in the context of an economic activity. In
Hello students, CBSE Economics paper has been held today on 18.03.2024. Now, most of the students will want to know the right answers of the questions they attempted in the exam. We are here providing you Economics answer key of Set 58/2//1, 2 and 3. First we will provide, answer keys for MCQs only, then
How to write a good answer is a question which haunts students of every subject and students of Economics are no exception. Economics is one of those subjects which requires an understanding of the society as an economic unit. Moreover, in exams, it requires a style of language which is easy to understand. So, to
How to write a good answer in Economics for Class 12 Read More »
Here we present to you Notes on Economic Reforms in India since 1991. The economic reforms process of 1991 had Liberralisation, Privatisation and Globalisation as three pillars. Notes presented here are concise, however, they cover every aspect of the chapter. These Notes are in four parts. First part consists of brief notes while the second
हालांकि, भारत ने खाद्य उत्पादन में आत्मनिर्भरता प्राप्त की, लेकिन यह एक कृषि अर्थव्यवस्था बनी रही क्योंकि 1990 में 65% आबादी कृषि में ही लगी हुई थी। औद्योगिक और सेवा क्षेत्र कृषि में लगे अतिरिक्त कार्यबल को अवशोषित नहीं कर सके।
औद्योगिक क्षेत्र विविधतापूर्ण हो गया और इसने 6% की उच्च वृद्धि दर भी प्राप्त की। इससे विशेष रूप से लघु उद्योग में नए निवेश और रोजगार के अवसर सृजित हुए। हालांकि, आयात प्रतिस्थापन और उत्पादन के आरक्षण की नीति ने उत्पादित वस्तुओं की गुणवत्ता को बुरी तरह प्रभावित किया। लाइसेंस नीति और उद्योगों के सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र के लिए आरक्षित होने से निजी क्षेत्र का विकास बाधित हुआ।
भारत निर्यात उन्मुखी उद्योगों को बढ़ावा देने में विफल रहा, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप 1990 में विदेशी मुद्रा संकट पैदा हुआ। संकट ने भारत को 1991 में एक अधिक व्यापक आर्थिक नीति अपनाने के लिए मजबूर किया जो उदारीकरण, निजीकरण और वैश्वीकरण पर केंद्रित थी।
Though, India attained self-sufficiency in food production, it remained an agriculture economy as 65% population was still engaged in agriculture 1990. Industrial and service sectors could not absorb the extra workforce engaged in agriculture.
Industrial base become diversified and also attained high growth rate of 6%. It provided new investment and employment opportunities, especially for SSI. However, policy of import substitution and reservation of production badly affected the quality of the goods produced. Growth of private sector was hindered by license policy and reservation of industries for public sector.
India GDP growth was merely around 4%, often termed as Hindu Growth Rate (Coined by Raj Krishna). Share of Industrial Sector in GDP increased from 11.8% to 24.6%.
India failed to promote export oriented industries, resulting in foreign exchange crisis in 1990. The crisis forced India to adopt a more comprehensive Economic Policy in 1991 which focused on Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization.
स्वतंत्रता की पूर्व संध्या पर भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था के नोट्स 12 वीं कक्षा के अर्थशास्त्र के छात्रों के लिए अच्छी तरह से तैयार किए गए नोट्स हैं। ये नोट्स संक्षिप्त हैं, हालांकि, अध्याय के हर पहलू पर प्रकाश डालते हैं। इसके अलावा, ये नोट्स बहुत आसान भाषा में हैं।
